Our institute's researchers, Pal Susanszky, Andrea Szabó, Dániel Mikecz with Sebastian Haunss and Priska Daphi conducted a protest survey at two major demonstrations held on 23 October 2025 in Budapest. The researchers compare the social and demographic composition and political attitudes of participants in the pro-government Peace March and the opposition-organized National March.

• The results show that a higher proportion of older people and individuals living outside Budapest took part in the Peace March than in the National March. However, gender and educational differences were not statistically significant. 
• Participants in the Peace March were more satisfied with democracy and more interested in politics, and they typically decided to participate weeks in advance, suggesting stronger commitment. Compared to earlier data (2021–2022), the composition of the Peace March crowd has remained largely stable, with only a moderate decline in the share of highly educated participants.
• By contrast, the social background of National March participants differed markedly from previous opposition demonstrations. Fewer were from the capital, from older age groups, or from highly educated strata, while the proportion of middle-aged and non-Budapest residents increased.
• These findings suggest that the 2025 National March mobilized a broader and more socially diverse group than earlier opposition protests. 

The full report is available here.